Let's talk about switches in the communications industry. 15 years ago, a board was 200,000. 10 years ago, 100,000. This is normal technological progress. But please note that it is not that the technology used is more than NB. These are technologies that have matured for more than ten years. But the technology monopoly of others can reduce the price by half in 5 years.

But the pit is a deflector, just an iron plate, used to fill the empty slot, guide the airflow, and control the temperature of the equipment. 35 dollars a piece, 1 pound weight, it is not stainless steel, and the price has not been reduced for many years. Can you say it's technical? However, they monopolize switch technology, and they do not recognize other brands. If you dare to install it yourself, the whole machine will not be guaranteed.

10 years ago, domestic switches began to have medium products. There are too many bugs. But the price is low, so it has been used since some small cities. After using it for 3 years, it is more stable, and the failure rate is half of that of European and American products. As soon as this result came out, the price of imported switches began to dive.

100,000 boards, 10,000 in 5 years, then 5 years. Many European and American factories have closed down and disappeared.

As for the $35 iron plate? Free delivery. Later, it was clearly stated that in fact, there is no iron plate and it is fine, so don't match it.

this is the truth. What matters is not whether your product is exquisite. But whether their own ability can make foreigners honestly lower the price.

The latecomers are very sad and can only bear it. The so-called win-win. It's actually a beautiful lie.

In the beginning, it was backward and incapable. People said that 10,000 was 10,000. Later the laggards had some abilities. People say that I will give you 5,000 profits, and don't come out to grab the market for your products. Well, a win-win.

In the past, our country's industrial level was low. The reducer used for the mill of the cement plant, the foreign reducer sold 10 million units, and the domestic reducer has not yet developed a stable product. After localization, foreign large-scale reducers have basically withdrawn from the domestic market. Because domestic production may only be three million. The prices of various equipment for the same whole system have come down. Then there was the great development of the domestic cement industry, and today the price of cement has almost dropped to the price of cabbage. Then, the great development of the cement industry led to the technical accumulation of Sinoma International, the world's largest general contractor of cement projects, which made Sinoma International's overseas general contracting business account for 80% of its own business today. In turn, the cement industry in Africa and Southeast Asia has developed greatly. Can you imagine five years ago when there were no cement factories in Africa, only cement importers? Therefore, I am very happy to hear that China is a shredder of developed countries. European life is not out of thin air. When the Chinese can't make things, when they can sell things for 5 yuan for 50 yuan, have you ever thought about your life's work, 80% of which is paid for? It was given to European and American countries to keep them for leisure and vacation. It can make them have a face that is not bullied.

Or the reducer industry. Look at how European and American countries use the belly of a gentleman to satisfy the heart of a villain. In 2005, Siemens acquired a company, which is no big deal for the giants. The acquisition of 1.2 billion euros is not big or small. However, it has profoundly affected the pattern of the world reducer industry. The acquired company is called Flender, which is the leader in the reducer industry. After being acquired by Siemens, Siemens filled the gap in this area. But it's a terrible thing for GE, which has extensive competition with Siemens in many fields. Especially in the field of wind power, the key part of the wind power main engine is the reducer. Before, GE mainly bought from Flanders, while GE and Siemens are direct opponents in this field. One of the two is an American giant, the other is a German giant, and Flanders is also a German company. Even if there is no cooperation, it will not affect the cooperation between GE and Flender. The end of the story should be that everyone walks towards a happy life together. Just that's the story. GE’s immediate response was to find a company in China to cooperate with, but cut off the cooperation with Flender because they were afraid that Siemens would get stuck in their necks at a critical time, so they cultivated a Chinese company, and in just a few years, the company has grown from The output value has changed from one billion to ten billion, and the shipments of wind power mainframes are global. International giants all know how bad it is to be stuck in the neck. I was thinking that after so many industries in China were captured by the Chinese, it turned out that foreigners made so much money. In the case of countless examples, many people still use a kind of innocence. Looking at foreigners from the same perspective, should we say stupid or naive?

Do you think manufacturing can be bought with money? Can you buy it if you want?

What I want to say is that if there is no domestic instrument, then the foreign product will be sold to you at double the price. Only when truly competitive domestic products are produced, their prices will drop sharply.

The inability to industrialize means that it needs to purchase at high prices in the international market, and faces technical blockades and export bans at any time.

The inability to industrialize means that after the huge domestic procurement demand, only a group of compradors have been fattened, and only a group of engineering students in my country can join the international high-end enterprises and get high salaries, and the others can only be forced to join the generation. factory.

Give examples of well-known industries, and have a superficial discussion.

1. Localization of the integrated circuit industry.

Regardless of basic industries such as precision machine tools and CNC machine tools, or industries such as missiles, radars, ships, and aerospace, integrated circuits are required as the core. In the early 1980s, all 8086 chips needed to be imported. How much foreign exchange did the country have at that time? Relying on the foreign exchange exchanged from the export of textiles, handicrafts, furniture, etc., and then spending a high price to buy chips such as 8086/8088 from the international market, which cost very little, and the chips are often blocked by Batumi, this kind of sourness is simply unbearable. .

The main work of a number of microelectronics institutes such as the Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Microelectronics of Tsinghua University, and the Institute of Microelectronics of Fudan is to deal with the technical blockade imposed by many countries on the mainstream manufacturing technology of China's microelectronics industry. The job is to develop the production process for integrated circuits. In short, when a microelectronics has made a 0.6um integrated circuit production process, we will show the United States and Batumi a message: my country has mastered this technology, if your country continues to block the 0.6um process If the chips are exported to my country, or sold to my country at high prices, then the country will spend five years developing and producing by itself, and will no longer import chips from your country. So U.S. imperial trade associations will lobby Congress to approve the opening of the export of this product to China.

China is still importing a large number of chips, but on the one hand, mid-range and below chips can be made domestically, and only imported chips.

Let me tell you a story. When we make analog integrated circuits and radio frequency circuits, what should we do if we want to learn from some important foreign chips? We will first polish off the package, then disassemble the chip; we will remove the coating layer on the chip layer by layer by etching, then take a photo, manually scrape the layout, analyze the circuit, and use the Spectrum simulation tool to simulate, Ohyeah! My country's ability to learn, understand, and digest is proud of the world.

Relying on such savage growth methods, the integrated circuit industry began to develop around the 1990s. The industry first carried out research and development with the goal of mastering advanced manufacturing processes and obtained the right to import new chips; and then sought the world's advanced chip foundries through multiple channels. Settled in China, Zhang Rujing, a Taiwanese, started Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC) in Yizhuang, Beijing in 2000. In 2004, he began to encourage the development of the integrated circuit industry. Each year, major universities train at least 2,000 engineers and send them to the IC industry. In 2007, IC companies such as Infineon and Qimonda in Xi'an also flourished.

I don’t know if any company acquired the core technology of the IC industry in the world during the financial crisis in 2009, but what I know is that by 2014, after 25 years of development in the IC industry, the 12 products independently developed by Northern Microelectronics Co., Ltd. Inch 28nm plasma silicon etching machine passed the whole process verification of SMIC production line and obtained the order. This TMD is a breakthrough of zero!

2. Localization of rail transit equipment

It is very difficult to keep up with the development of the international community. China cannot stay at the low end of the international industrial chain for a long time, and it cannot be controlled by others for a long time in key technologies and equipment. China cannot buy a modernization from abroad. (Unless 1.3 billion people work overtime to farm and textile and engage in OEM processing to support the modern life of 50 million high-class people)

The rail transport sector is a standard example. I remember that by 2010, the National Development and Reform Commission had approved the construction of 50 subway lines in 25+10 cities in 35 cities. The cost of each subway line was about 20 billion yuan. , automatic ticketing, etc.) at least 8 billion, 50 lines is 400 billion. Only by forming the R&D and manufacturing system of my country's rail transit equipment can the cost of subway construction be effectively reduced.

If you buy all imported equipment, the cost of electromechanical equipment will increase by at least 50%, and who will benefit from spending so much money? International product manufacturer! Their gross profit is at least 50%, so the engineers of product manufacturers can work 5 days a week, 5 hours a day, have more than one month vacation a year, and go to China with business class + five-star hotels. The product agent spends 5% of the commercial cost and takes about 8% of the profit, and the value-added tax is 17% (the subway construction is investment with the local government, and the value-added tax is left-handed and right-handed), import tax rebates, customs clearance and so on, agents do 400 billion in business, leaving only 30 billion in profit, and only directly creating about 3,000 jobs.

If localization is realized, how many people will be supported by the 400 billion industrial sales? Anyway, in 2013, Huawei had 239 billion yuan in sales, with 150,000 employees (Huawei's employees are still very paid), and there are countless supporting companies that outsource or subcontract for Huawei; 400 billion yuan in mechanical and electrical equipment procurement directly created 400,000 yuan Jobs with more than one person, I think are more conservative.

How much can the consumption of 400,000 high-income people drive the catering, entertainment, home appliance, automobile and housing market?

Therefore, establishing a complete industrial system in the industry and realizing localization of key technologies and equipment is the only way to truly achieve common prosperity. Otherwise only a handful of people get rich.

Just tell a story about the localization of AFC (Automatic Fare Collection System). The protagonist is Shanghai Hua Hong. The AFCs of Shanghai Rail Transit Lines 1 and 2 are all products from American CUBIC Company, and the commissioning of Line 1 was completed in September 1998. Operation in March 1999. However, the disadvantages of all imports are high cost of construction, high operating costs, difficult system maintenance and upgrade due to the confidentiality of key technologies, insufficient spare parts, senior maintenance personnel have to fly over from the United States, and the working hours are calculated from the United States. Therefore, when bidding for Line 3, the government asked foreign suppliers to provide localization measures, and the consortium of Shanghai Huahong and Spain's INDRA company won the bid. In the implementation, the localization of application software and the localization of maintenance parts were gradually realized.

In fact, the level of Shanghai Huahong was still limited at this time, but it could not stand the support of the government. The government believed that Shanghai Huahong initially had the ability to design and manufacture independently. Therefore, in the AFC bidding for the north extension of Line 1 at the end of 2001, Shanghai Huahong Killed the CUBIC company with a price of 60 million, and actually finished the work in 2004, and trained a lot of people, and was dug up by Gaoxin Hyundai, Shanghai Postcom, Shanghai Huateng and other units with high salaries - to In 2008, there were basically no foreign companies in the domestic AFC industry.

The contract value of one line is 100 million yuan, and 50 lines have been divided up by Shanghai Huateng, Shanghai Huahong, Nanjing Panda, Gaoxin Modern, Peking University Founder, and Zhejiang University Wangxin.

And at this time, Shanghai Huahong is also cooperating with Fudan Microelectronics (you see what I mean by microelectronics!), which can provide localized products for the whole system, and also promote the development of the microelectronics industry.

The great thing about this story is that it took less than 8 years from introducing technology to kicking out foreigners, and it also trained a large number of practitioners.

3. Localization of equipment in petrochemical industry

The scale of the first two examples is not large, and the real big one is here!

Ask: What industries are needed for basic production in an area of one million people?

Answer: Small coal mines, small iron and steel factories, small machinery factories, small fertilizer factories, small cement factories, small power plants, small textile factories, small printing factories, small food factories.

In fact, it was a plan put forward when the state formulated the Fourth Five-Year Plan in 1970. The specific content was to allocate a special fund of 8 billion yuan from the government to support the development of small coal mines, small iron and steel plants, small chemical fertilizer plants, Five types of industrial projects, such as small cement factories and small machinery factories.

At that time, the introduction of large-scale complete sets of technical equipment was carried out for the second time, and a total of 26 projects were actually signed externally. Among them, the Liaoyang Petrochemical Fiber General Plant (2.9 billion yuan) with an investment of more than 1 billion yuan, and the one-meter-seven rolling mill of Wuhan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. (RMB 2.76 billion), Daqing Fertilizer Plant (JPY loan, exchange rate adjustment, investment increased to RMB 2.67 billion), Shanghai Petrochemical Plant (RMB 2 billion), Tianjin Petrochemical Fiber Plant (RMB 1.35 billion)

Pay attention, this is 11.65 billion in 1970, when the official exchange rate was 2.46 RMB against the US dollar! $4.7 billion! Oh! ! ! In 1970, the foreign exchange reserves spent only 20 million US dollars, and it was not until 1975 that there were 500 million US dollars of foreign exchange reserves! ! ! In addition, in 1979, China's money supply was 2.6 billion yuan, and its GDP was 27.2 billion U.S. dollars (the figures are all from the Internet, please slap in the face by people of insight)

China's foreign exchange is not enough to introduce ethylene fertilizer equipment. What TV sets do you want to buy?

Among the above 13 units, except for the three units of Dong Nitrogen, Anqing and Zhijiang, which use naphtha as raw material, the rest all use natural gas as raw material.

The main technology importing countries for the 10 sets of plants using natural gas as raw materials are the United States and the Netherlands. The synthetic ammonia plant adopts the Kellogg production process in the United States, and the urea plant adopts the carbon dioxide stripping production process in Stamicarbon from the Netherlands. Some enterprises have adopted the synthetic ammonia/urea process of Japan's Toyo Engineering Company.

One mu of land uses 10 kilograms of fertilizer a year, and 3.9 million tons of fertilizer production equipment has been introduced, which can meet the fertilizer needs of 260 million people.

We rely on the imported equipment and technology that year, and transfer manpower to tackle key problems, such as 110,000 tons of ethylene equipment, 300,000 tons of ethylene equipment, large chemical fertilizers, etc., relying on the seniors who were good at learning, learning and research. The efforts of gnawing down the production line of the petrochemical plant directly or indirectly solved the problem of eating.

Don't take it seriously, without these basic industrial systems, a low-precision precision lathe can cost you 3 million, and it's also embargoed, not to mention propellers, submarines, and large planes. When you come to the common people, you will deal with green leather cars for the rest of your life.

One, the LCD panel industry.

In 2004, I worked as a product manager for 15-inch panels in a state-owned enterprise. At that time, I was a stupefied young man who had just worked for less than two years after graduating from graduate school. The whole team spent 3 months for design, one month for mask and material, and 2 months for trial production. Before the official production, our estimated cost is 220 US dollars per piece. At this time, the market price is 260 US dollars. After 6 months, we have about 25% of the global 15-inch market share. At this time, the market price is a terrible $160, and our cost is $180. The grandma’s family who lost money doesn’t know it.

We can go and look at BOE's financial report, um, it basically makes a profit every three years. According to the market economy, this kind of business should be closed? But if you do the math, the approximate relationship is that in 2005, for every 1 yuan lost in China's panel industry, the cost of China's LCD and TV companies will drop by 20 yuan. This is the power of localization.

Thanks to BOE, tianma, SVA, and TCL for their efforts and dedication over the years, without the huge investment from the panel industry, there would be no success in the domestic TV industry. The Chinese government's investment in the LCD panel industry is about 100 billion, and in 2014, China's LCD TV production was 140 million units, and the TV industry earned back after a few years of investment.

The second example is the new energy I am doing now.

In 2010, we discussed the supply of an alkane gas with all the international gas giants, including linde, AL, AP, which are the world's top 500 companies. Their quotation is close, 45,000 a kilo, even though we know the supplier behind them costs less than 25,000. Then we worked hard to cultivate a domestic supplier in Fujian, the cost is higher, the level of 28,000, we bought it at the price of 31,000. Then less than a year later, these top 500 companies came to us again and said they would sell you 27,000. According to some believers of the free market economy, we should abandon domestic manufacturers and cooperate with large foreign companies? The devil does that. We know very well that when the domestic one dies, these foreign predators will not hesitate to raise the price to more than 40,000. By the way, we are negotiating with the Chinese compradors of the Chinese subsidiaries of these big international companies.

To give another example, in 2013, we acquired an American company, which was riddled with debt. If the local Chinese tyrants did not take action, it would be completely dead. Even so, the acquisition was subject to an antitrust investigation by the U.S. Congress, and the acquisition dragged on for three months. As for the so-called anti-monopoly process, what the U.S. congressmen really care about is not monopoly, but the relationship between our company and the Chinese government, and the resulting military application of technology.

The production technology of this company requires the use of 0.5 mm thick coiled steel plates. When we wanted to produce in China after localization, suppliers in the United States and Japan both said that they could not export to China, because according to Batumi regulations, this is a strategic material Embargo on China. Six months after we and Baosteel reached an agreement that Baosteel would start producing samples of this kind of steel plate, the US Emperor decisively lifted the embargo on this kind of steel plate to China.

So why industrialization and localization? Because the world has never been a free market economy, it's still typical of the law of the jungle. At any time, only if you can create it, others will talk to you about the free market. When you can't make it, you face either high prices or a complete embargo.

Of course, if our goal is not industrialization, but only to develop and develop the service industry, and the goal is to export manpower and raw materials to foreign countries, then there is really no need for localization.

To explain, we are already private enterprises in the latter two examples. Although they are giant-level private enterprises, their attributes are private enterprises.

The international blockade is not only for state-owned enterprises, but also for private enterprises, as long as you are a Chinese company. To break this monopoly, private enterprises are also working hard.

Think of a person as kind as Chairman Jiang. The Japanese created the Jinan massacre, and the Northern Expedition took a detour. The Japanese did not resist and waited for sanctions from the League of Nations. What do such gregarious and friendly people in the international community get? But Chairman Jiang is a Chinese anyway, and he also has the ambition to be prosperous and strong in China and not be beaten or starved. It's not like some people say "it doesn't matter if you are a dog or not, as long as the people live well". With such a large size in China, as a dog, can the people live well? The dregs rose, and Manchukuo was missed. People occupy fertile fields and mines, the Chinese do hard labor, and then eat rice and white noodles is an economic crime, which is also what these people dream of. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, Chairman Jiang put his nuclear weapons on the agenda for almost time. Wu Dayou and Mr. Hua Luogeng are both in charge of the plan. Yang Zhenning, Li Zhengdao, Zhu Guangya and other international students were originally going to study nuclear technology. At this time, our allies, the Americans, made a statement, don't even think about it. Tsinghua University took the lead, Peking University participated, and Mr. Qian Sanqiang was hired to prepare for the establishment of the Nuclear Energy Research Institute. As a result, Mr. Qian was detained in China's own customs for two months, and the US embassy sent a secret letter to the Academia Sinica, obstructing him in every possible way. Some of these secret letters were left by Principal Mei, and they can be used to slap in the face of naive patients who thought that when Duke Jiang was in power in China, he would be able to make good friends with the world and not get stuck.

An additional sentence: The equipment and materials used in general nuclear energy research are very different from weapons-grade equipment and materials. Unlike most people's understanding, Japan has so many nuclear power plants that it is impossible for him to build a nuclear weapon immediately. Before liberation, Qian Sanqiang could not buy experimental equipment when he went abroad to buy experimental equipment. At this time, the country is not "on the wrong team", right? Turkey is not in the wrong team, right? The missiles sold to him do not include technology transfer. China wants to sell him cheaply, including technology transfer. The United States and NATO came to put pressure on it. The purpose of pressure is not to spread weapons at all, but to sell their own weapons.

People do not sell to China. In the final analysis, China is too big and has too much potential. No one is willing to cultivate a strong opponent. Any ideology is an excuse for "letting you wear a hat" or "letting you not wear a hat". The Sino-Soviet relations were bad, and the American Black Hawks were sold, and the F15 was almost there, because you are useful at this time, no matter what ideology you have, just cooperate with me to contain the Soviet Union. The French couldn't make a hydrogen bomb, and the allies, the United States and the United Kingdom, didn't sell it to him. Later, the TG didn't have the integrity to exchange technology. "Advanced technology cannot be imported." This is a lesson learned by the blood and tears of generations of Chinese people.

Indians Well, Democracy, American and Soviet love. India is now the world's biggest taker. Support several major arms dealers in the United States, Russia, France, and the United Kingdom. Not to mention the outrageous price, often delayed delivery, and another blackmail. Friends like India will be loved by the whole world. If China did the same, it would not be "the world as an enemy". Is this what we want? China takes its own hard-earned money as a foe, how can people's lives be improved?

The rare earth monopoly, which was very noisy in the past few years, is also very interesting. In the past commodity bull market, all resource prices were rising, and rare strategic resources such as rare earths fell instead of rising. Then the Chinese want to raise a price a little bit. When others quit, they say you are engaged in a monopoly. Iron ore rises, but rare earths can't rise? Well, they are democratic countries, and a monopoly in a democratic country is not a monopoly, and manipulation is not a manipulation. Well, we can have fun with the world as long as we continue to sell at a low price! You sell everything cheap, how do you improve people's lives?

Industrialized localization cannot guarantee low prices for all localized products, but it can guarantee low prices for a package of products. Picking individual commodities that are more expensive in China than abroad to argue that China's prices are higher is a partial generalization. Please explain why China's GDP in terms of purchasing power (ppp) exceeds that of the United States according to the United Nations data, while the US dollar in terms of GDP ranks second. If you don't understand, please make up your own lessons.

Someone suggested that we build a penicillin factory. Minister Song Ziwen's speech, the United States can produce, why should it be built by itself? This is the insight of the people at the center back then.

Back then, there was a kind of existence called comprador, and their wealth could rival the country. The conduct of many of them is even very commendable. One of the foundations of these people's great wealth is the huge profits of monopoly trade. When you can't make the same product, the profiteering is staggering.

In the film era, there were only four countries in the world with mature color film technology. America, Germany, Japan, China. The Chinese name is Lucky, yes, very arrogant. But if Lucky sells 15, it is difficult for Kodak to sell 30 in China. In the USSR, this price could be sold for 100. Then the net welfare loss of the Soviet people at this price is 70 yuan. Suppose the Russian comprador class does not hold US green cards and only makes 10% of the profits. The actual result is the creation of very few get rich at the loss of 60% of the overall national well-being. No matter how legal or fair the transaction process is, what it brings is not fairness in the true sense.

Interested friends can make several price comparison curves. Take a look at the price changes of ABB and Schneider relay protection equipment in the process of expanding market share in Chint and Delixi. Let's take a look at the changes in the base station equipment of Motorola and Ericsson in the process of expanding the share of Huawei and ZTE. Don't think it has nothing to do with us ordinary people, the ultimate bearer of all infrastructure is the citizens of a country.

Doing business requires reckoning, but how is it a big problem. It costs money to build a nicillin plant, yes, even a waste of money. That's right. Do you give up eating because of choking? All have the potential to fail. But the state of the enterprise must not hesitate to invest.

"Comparative advantage" can benefit both parties through fair dealing. This itself is a constraint condition, which is often not available in this real world. There was an economic miracle in Côte d'Ivoire for a while, and they had a comparative advantage in growing cocoa. The good times did not last long, and they were harvested after two years. Junior high school world geography has been talked about. The substitutability of agricultural products is actually much higher than that of industrial products when not at the critical point of famine. A big country like China with such a population base has no future without completing industrialization and realizing the industrialization and autonomy of core industries.

The phrase "advanced technology cannot be imported" is a true insight after a painful lesson.

Tell another story.

Chen Zhiwu: "In the preface of a book, I said a lot of things that made the professor of National Defense University of Science and Technology very angry: The Galaxy Computer Department of National Defense University of Science and Technology spent so much money to provide a lot of exhibits for the China Future Computer Museum. Any benefit. (Boao Forum)”

Economics has no borders, but economists have countries. Professor Chen is indeed an American.

Let's take a look at the history:

In November 1949, the United States and some Western European countries jointly established a multilateral export control coordination committee, headquartered in Paris, also known as the "Paris Coordinating Committee", referred to as "Batumi Organization".

After the announcement of the success of the Galaxy I billion times, the Batumi organization released the sales of the billion times to China; after the announcement of the success of the Galaxy II billion times, the Batumi organization released the sales of the billion times to China... ...

We are 1.3 billion people, one fifth of the world's population.

For countries such as Britain, France and Germany, with a population of about 60 million, many things are produced by themselves or bought in the international market. The fluctuation of global supply and demand changes by 12%, which has little impact on the market, and the total cost is relatively small. Not high, can be less sensitive to price.

Japan is 120 million, South Korea is only 50 million, and the United States is only 300 million.

But China is different. If all 1.3 billion people are pushed to the international market, it will strongly affect the supply and demand of the entire market. I can produce and export to the low-end market by myself, but now I simply rely on other countries, and it is almost 1/3 of the change in supply and demand. Changes of this magnitude will drive a series of raw material prices, global processing distribution, and industrial distribution. The drastic changes in elements are eventually reflected in the price of products, which may be several times the price of their own production. That is to say, something that costs 10 yuan per person when it is produced in China may cost 50 yuan if it is not produced abroad.

The extra 40 yuan, 400 yuan, 4000 yuan multiplied by 1.3 billion is the profit that the country that can produce can get from China because of its technological advantages. This part of the profit allows them to have only tens of millions of people who have lived in developed countries. That's the money that China can save by doing it itself.

Even for industries whose prices are relatively transparent, they must be developed by themselves, because the total market volume of 1.3 billion people is too large, and my country's human and capital energy is far from saturated, and the market can be completely digested by using production factors and local advantages. , and then wait and watch the international market, so that there will not be a deformed industrial distribution, and when the industry is upgraded, it will immediately keep up with or even have the opportunity to lead.

So unless China doesn't need it, or doesn't want too much, if other things can be dragged into China, do as much as possible. If you can do more, try to do as much as possible.

In recent years, the price of TV has dropped sharply, and the 40-inch Xiaomi TV is only 1999.

Because there are two companies, one is called BOE and the other is called Huaxing Optoelectronics.

I want to say thank you to those who continue to operate despite losses.

The reason for industrialization and localization is to give us a face that will not be bullied.

What is a bullied face? Please see Turkey's anti-aircraft missile procurement plan started in 2009!

Turkey, a member of NATO, is bidding for the EU's Shion missile, Patriot 3, China's Hongqi 9 and Russia's S300. The Americans quoted sky-high prices, did not allow technology transfer, and did not allow Turkey to assemble and produce. Russia was willing to provide S300, but not S400. The price was sky-high, and European Ziyuan missiles were unwilling to transfer technology.

Only China has the right price, medium performance, and willingness to transfer technology. and then? Then it is announced that China has won the bid, and then what? Under the pressure of NATO and the United States, Turkey was forced to suspend the contract!

What is a bullied face? This is the face of being bullied!

Let's talk about the topic of transport aircraft. China once bought dozens of Il-76s from Russia, because we can't make a big luck by ourselves. Later, due to cost issues, we were unwilling to increase the cost, and the contract was frozen. Nearly Russia said, either upgrade to IL-476, but you have to add fees, China directly refused, don't think about adding fees, hurry up and bring IL-476 to me, don't talk nonsense, or labor and capital will not buy it, Lao Tzu's Yun 20 will be able to fly in a few years, I'm afraid of you!

Without industrialization and localization, where would such a rapidly developing economy come from? Without localization, how could we have so many high-speed rails? Can our high-speed rail be exported abroad?